The open database of behind-the-meter data center power
Third-party reported
~0 GW

Who's actually online, how fast they got there, and what their power really costs. We track the difference between announcements and megawatts.

Tracked daily. Sourced from air permits, not press releases.
Open dataCC BY 4.0Free forever
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The announcement pipeline · separate evidence class

What the 143.3 GW of announcements actually contains

A third-party inventory of proposed behind-the-meter gas plants—not BTW-verified operating capacity. We publish it as a comparison layer so the gap is inspectable rather than rhetorical.

Third-party reported
Projects7470 disclose capacity
Reported pipeline143.3 GWknown capacities only
Proposed70137.7 reported GW
Under construction45.6 reported GW

Where the reported pipeline concentrates

TX
63.2 GW
WV
15.5 GW
OH
14 GW
PA
13.7 GW
UT
13 GW
WY
7 GW
How to read this

Reported means a source lists a project and capacity. It does not mean financed, permitted, built, or operating.

Capacity bases differ by disclosure, and 4 projects have no published capacity. The total must not be added to the verified fleet.

Open EIP source inventory ↗
Inventory as of 2026-04-30 · imported into BTW with row-level source linkage
Inspect the 12 largest reported projects
ProjectStateStatusExpectedTechnologyReported MW
Fermi America Project MatadorTXProposedQ2 2027Combined Cycle11,280
Portsmouth Powered Land ProjectOHProposedUnknownUnknown9,200
Stratos Project/Wonder ValleyUTProposed2036Unknown9,000
Monarch Compute Campus Power PlantWVProposed2031Internal Combustion Engine; Unknown8,160
GW Ranch Energy CenterTXProposedQ2 2027Simple Cycle7,650
Nexus Data Center Hubbard Power PlantTXProposed2027Internal Combustion Engine, Simple Cycle, Combined Cycle7,227
Texas Power Generation Hub (Nextera-Comstock Power Station)TXProposed2028/2029/2031/2032Combined Cycle, Simple Cycle5,200
Chevron AI Data Center ProjectTXProposed2027Unknown5,000
FO Permian Partners Data Center ComplexTXProposed2026Unknown5,000
Homer City Generating StationPAUnder Construction2029Simple Cycle, Combined Cycle4,678
Shippingport Power Station (Formerly Bruce Mansfield Power Plant)PAProposed2028Simple Cycle, Steam Turbine3,641
Tenaska Gas Power PlantNEProposed2029Combined Cycle3,000
Latest filings

What happened behind the meter

The build map

Where verified off-grid power is running

Every dot is a published operating facility. Position and capacity come from the same permit and evidence trail as the fleet table.

Engine-verified operating
Click a dot to see the project — capacity, stage, and the documents behind it.

Projects under research do not appear here until their coordinates, capacity and status have passed review.

Operating fleet

Every megawatt that actually runs

The complete verified operating fleet, with the permit trail on every row. Announced capacity doesn't make this table — first verified megawatts do.

FacilityMWEquipment (as permitted)PermitPermit → powerSource
xAI Colossus 1
Memphis, TN · xAI
24715× Solar SMT-130In litigation
SCHD 01156-01PC · NAACP v. xAI
−7 moSELC
xAI Colossus 2
Southaven, MS · xAI
42227× mixed mobileAppealed
MDEQ · appeal pending
mgrid
Crusoe Stargate Abilene
Abilene, TX · OpenAI via Oracle
3605× Solar Titan 350 + 5× GE LM2500Clean
TCEQ reg. 177263 · Title V O4721
13 moTCEQ
Open data portalDownload CSVJSON + sourcesAll filesGitHubCite as: Behind the Watt, behindthewatt.com, CC BY 4.0
Time-to-Power Board

Months from air permit to first megawatt

The industry promises "months, not years." Here's what the record actually shows. Negative numbers mean the turbines ran before the permit existed.

xAI Colossus 1 TN
−7 mo
Crusoe Stargate Abilene TX
13 mo
xAI Colossus 2 MS
dates under verification

Zero = first air-permit filing; months computed from engine-verified dates — rows show a number only when both dates are published with sources. Grid interconnection median for comparison: 60+ months. Red = operation preceded permit; both xAI sites are in active Clean Air Act litigation.

The open cost model

What does a megawatt-hour really cost behind the meter?

Fuel by heat rate, capex annualized over 15 years at 10%, O&M — against your grid tariff, and against the value of connecting earlier. Load a real facility or set your own assumptions.

1,600
9,500
4.00
10
90
65
20
20

Where the defaults come from: heat rate and 8,760 hr/yr utilization — TCEQ reg. 177263 technical review (Crusoe Abilene); gas price — EIA Henry Hub daily spot; grid tariff band — EIA industrial average by state. Capex and O&M are model assumptions, not sourced facts — that's why they're sliders. Every output is arithmetic on your inputs.

FuelCapexO&MGrid tariff
Behind the meter
Grid
BTM premium
10-yr power premium, per MW
Value of time saved, per MW
Who reads this

Built for people who underwrite reality

Investors

Every facility resolved to the public companies exposed — developer, turbine OEM, fuel supplier, offtaker. Backlogs are guidance; permits are fact.

GEV · BE · WMB · ET · CAT · SEI

Suppliers

A new air permit is a new buyer of turbines, gas, and EPC hours. Know who filed this week — before the press release, before your competitor.

OEM sales · midstream · EPC

Developers & lenders

Underwrite the next deal with benchmarks from filings, not pitch decks: real $/kW, real months-to-power, real permit risk.

infra funds · private credit · insurers

Journalists & researchers

Numbers you can print, with the government document one click away on every row. CC BY 4.0 — quote freely, chart freely, just credit the source.

newsrooms · academics · policy analysts
Methodology

Show your work

Every row links to the government document it came from. Here's the pipeline — and what a source actually looks like.

Monitor the permit trail dailyState air and siting registries — TCEQ, Ohio PSB, MDEQ, Shelby County, EPA, FERC — scanned every day for new filings, modifications, and approvals.
Extract the machine recordPermits name what press releases don't: turbine OEM and model, unit counts, rated MW, permitted hours, emissions class.
Verify actual operationGrid-tie records, gas flows, satellite imagery, and court filings separate "operating" from "announced." A megawatt counts when it verifiably serves compute load.
Publish with the receiptEvery row carries its source document. Disagree with a number? The primary source is one click away.
TCEQ · Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit · Technical Review
Registration No. 177263 · Company: Abilene DC 1, LLC dba Crusoe Energy Systems
"…reduce the count of GE LM2500 simple-cycle turbines from six to five, reduce the site-rated power to 34.1 MW per turbine, and increase the annual hours of operation from 5,880 to 8,760 hours per turbine…"
One paragraph of one filing: equipment, capacity, and utilization the developer never announced. This is why we read permits.
TCEQOhio Power Siting BoardMDEQShelby County Health DeptEPAFERCEIAFederal courts
Why is this free?

You already paid for this data

Every number on this site comes from public records — air permits, siting dockets, court filings. Your taxes funded their creation. The data was just scattered across fifty agencies in formats nobody could read.

We collect it, verify it, and structure it. The dataset is free to download and always will be — CSV, JSON, API, no signup wall. Use it in your research, your models, your reporting. All we ask is attribution.

One day we may build paid services on top. The underlying data stays open. That's the deal, in writing.

Definitions

Words mean things here

OperatingFirst verified megawatt delivered to compute load. Announcements, ribbon cuttings, and "energized" press releases don't qualify.
PermittedAir or siting permit issued — not applied for, not "expected." Appeals and violations are flagged, not hidden.
Behind the meterGeneration serving on-site load without passing through a utility meter. Utility-built single-customer plants are tracked separately.
Time to powerMonths from first air-permit filing to first verified megawatt. Negative when operation preceded the permit.
Research

What the data says

Research in progress

Time-to-power, measured: every operating BTM site, permit to first megawatt

The industry says "months, not years." The permit record says something more interesting.

Research in progress

What a megawatt-hour really costs behind the meter: an open model

Heat rates from permits, gas from the hubs, capex from the record. Reconstructing the numbers nobody publishes.

Research in progress

Announced versus running: anatomy of the gap

Where projects actually stall — stage by stage, with the filings to prove it.

BTW Weekly

BTW, here's what actually happened

Every Tuesday: new filings, verified megawatts, and what they mean. The data is free for everyone. The interpretation arrives by email first.